General information
From the 2nd millennium BC. the ancestors of the Turks, who inhabited the main territories of Alatau, Altai, Sayan, Khangai, Khentai, Tengri, the Urals and Siberia, practiced agriculture and animal husbandry along with hunting. Nomadism developed most intensively, pasture areas expanded, the production of polymetals strengthened, and mythical beliefs were strengthened, syncretic “works of art” based on them were enriched, the customs of installing ritual and ritual complexes (suns, moons, weapons, deer) were strengthened, tribal and tribal relations, exchange trade strengthened (“Andronov”, “Begazy Dandebai”).
All these events marked the birth of nomadic civilization in the Eurasian space. [Margulan, Akishev, Kadyrbaev, Orazbaev, 1966, Margulan, 1979]. At this time, burial customs appeared, when the deceased was placed in a wooden coffin, and the mounds were lined with large or smaller stones. The height of such mounds reached from 4 to 17 meters, the circumference varied from 30 to 130 meters.
Researchers believe that large mounds were built depending on one or another social status, leader, scientist, military man. At the same time, in the course of archaeological research, large mounds of the 7th-5th centuries AD, such as Besshatyr, Issyk, Chilikty, discovered in Central Asia are considered the “royal mounds” of the rulers of that time. This is confirmed by archaeological finds of rich ceremonial objects.
Literature
Акишев К.А. Древние и средневековые государства на территории Казахстана (Этюды исследования). -Алматы, 2013.-192 с.
Монголын археологийн сонгомол өв. 1 боть.-Улаанбаатар, 2016. -335.